Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i keʻano o ka hoʻopiliʻana i nāʻaelike kalepa i kāu kaʻina hana
ʻO nāʻaelike kālā
ʻO kaʻAhahui Kūʻai KūʻaiʻoʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa (NAFTA) a me ka Pākīpika Trans-Pacific (TPP)ʻelua mau mauʻaelike kalepa iʻike nuiʻia, akā he mau poʻe'ē aʻe e kālepa ana i nāʻoihana ma waena o nā'āina.
ʻO kekahi o kēia mau'elike kalepa i waena o nā'āina ma loko o nā palena'āina āpau a me nā'āina me nā palena kūikawā (NAFTA,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻo ka Gulf Cooperation Council, i kapaʻiaʻo GCC, nona nā lālā i komo nāʻeono Arab Arab,ʻo Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, a me Qatar).
Mālama nā kalepa'ē aʻe i nā'āina ākea āpau a ua pepehiʻia no kaʻikeʻia o ka pono waiwai o nā lāhui me kaʻaelike i nā kulekeleʻoihana kālepa. ʻO ka TPP he hōʻailona o kaʻaelikeʻoihana me nā lālā o ka poʻe i mamao a hiki i Australia a me Canada. ʻOʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia kekahi hapa o ka TPP a hiki i Ianuali 2017.
Nā Kūleʻa'Alepa a me nā Pākani liʻiliʻi
Hiki ke paneʻia ka pilikia o kāu kālekaʻoihana pāʻoihana e ke kikooʻana i kāu wahiʻoihana liʻiliʻi (a kūʻai paha i nā waiwai i laweʻia mai) a iʻole ka mea kūʻai aku (a kūʻai paha i nā ukana i laweʻia aku) aʻaʻoleʻole.
E nānā mua i ka pane "ʻaʻole". Ua maopopo loa paha iāʻoe ināʻoe he mea kūʻai aku aʻaʻole paha. Inā kūʻaiʻoe i kāu huahana ma waho o kou'āina hānau maoli,ʻoʻoe ka mea kūʻai aku.
Akā, ināʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i kāu huahana i kekahi poʻe'ē aʻe (he mea hāʻawi, e like me ka mea) e hoʻokuhi ana i kāu mau huahana ma waho o ka'āina, ke laweʻia aku kāu huahana -ʻoiaiʻaʻole pahaʻoe ka mea e lawe aku nei i ka moʻolelo.
E noʻonoʻoʻaʻoleʻoe e hana i kekahi o kēia mau meaʻelua.
Akā,ʻoʻoe kahi mea laweʻia? Hiki iāʻoe ke ho'āʻoʻia e'ōlelo aʻe, no ka mea,ʻaʻoleʻoe e kūʻai i kekahi mea mai ka mea kūʻai ma waho o kou'āina. A, no keʻano,ʻaʻoleʻoe he mea lawe kālā. Akā ināʻoe e kūʻai mai i nā waiwai - inā he'enehi a meaʻaila paha a me ka hōʻailona -ʻo ia ka "Made in X" kahi i kapaʻole aiʻo "X" i ka inoa o ka'āina āu e noho nei, kūʻaiʻoe i nā waiwai i laweʻia mai. A no laila, hiki i ka hana pāʻoihana ke hoʻololi i kāu kaulaʻoihanaʻoihana liʻiliʻi ma mua o kou manaʻo.
ʻO ka paneʻoiaʻiʻo o ka "ʻaʻole",ʻo ia hoʻi, ua nui nā mea a pau i kūʻaiʻia e kāuʻoihana liʻiliʻi a huaʻia ma kou'āina hānau a kūʻaiʻia (a noho i loko) ma ia'āina hānau. Inā pono kēia i kāuʻoihana liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi iki nā pili kalepa i kāu kaula kuhi .
(ʻOiaiʻo kou mau hoa kālepa e hoʻolakoʻia - e like me nā mea hoʻolako a me nā meaʻoihana loeaʻekolu - hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hopena o kaʻaelike kalepa a hiki i ko lākouʻano ponoʻole ke hoʻololi i kāu kaula kuni.)
Pehea e hana ai nāʻaelike o kaʻaha
Nui nāʻoihana liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hoʻokūkū ma ka māhele o ke ao holoʻokoʻa no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i kahi a pau paha o nā huahana a lākou e kūʻai mai nei mai nā wahi kūʻai.
I kēia manawa,ʻaʻoleʻoʻAmelika Huipūʻia kekahi o ka TPP, nā kumukūʻai no nā waiwai i laweʻia mai Kina, Malaki, Vietnam a me nā hui'ē aʻe o ka TPPʻaʻole lākou e mālama i kaʻaelike kūʻokoʻa (koeʻoleʻo Canada a me Mekikoka, no ka manawa, mai kēia manawa mai ʻO Canada a me Mekikoka nā mea hōʻailona o ka TPP a me ka NAFTA).
Ke mālamaʻia nā'āinaʻelua i nā mea o kahiʻaelike pili kālā, eʻokiʻia ana i ka hōʻoia e pili ana i keʻano o ka hoʻolālāʻana i waena o nā poʻe ma ia mau'āina. ʻO ka manawa pinepine,ʻo ia hoʻi, e loaʻa ka'āina me nā uku hana lima haʻahaʻa mai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ka hoʻopauʻiaʻana o nā uku o kekahi'āinaʻoihanaʻoi aku.
ʻO ka NAFTA kahi hōʻailona o kaʻaelike i hoʻonuiʻia ka hoʻoukaʻana mai kahi wahi kūʻai kiko'ī (Mexico, ma kēia hihia) i kahi'āinaʻoi akuʻoi aku ka lōʻihi (ʻoʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa).
Inā he wahi liʻiliʻiʻoe maʻAmelika Huipūʻia aʻo kāu melaka hoʻolako pūnaewele he mau'āpana i kūʻai pololeiʻia mai Mexico - aiʻole i hanaʻia ma Mexico a kūʻaiʻoe mai kekahiʻaoʻao'ē aʻe maʻAmelika Huipūʻia - ke hoʻopiliʻia nei kāu chain chain supply e kahiʻaelikeʻoihana .
ʻO nā palapala pāʻoihana e hāʻawi pinepine i nā mea lawe kālā (aiʻole nāʻoihana e kūʻai i nā waiwai i laweʻia mai) e komo i nā waiwai kūʻai haʻahaʻa. Hiki i kēia keʻae i nā waiwai ukule iʻoi aku ka holo maʻamau ma o ka'āinaʻoi akuʻoi aku kaʻoihana. ʻO kahi kū'ē'ēʻana,ʻo kēia mau hanaʻaelike eʻaeʻole i ka hanaʻana o kekahi mau waiwai ma kēlā mau'āinaʻoi akuʻoihanaʻoi aku.
Inā hele aku kēlā mau'elike (ma ka hoʻokahuliʻoleʻana o ka'āpana a ma ka hoʻokōʻiaʻana o kahiʻauhau ma nā waiwai i laweʻia mai),ʻo ka hopena o kāu kālekaʻoihanaʻoihana e hoʻohuliʻia i ka nui o ka lilo o ka waiwai. No ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā kumukūʻai o nā mea kūʻai, hiki iāʻoe ke:
- E nānā i kahi hoʻonani haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
- E ho'ēmi i nā kumukūʻai i kāu mauʻoihanaʻoihana
- E hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai
- E hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai i kāu mea kūʻai
ʻO kēlā me kēia o nā papa hana i loko o ka palena o kēlā me kēia laina i hāʻawiʻia.
ʻOiai he mea hōʻailoa aku me kahi mea kūʻai
Ināʻoe e holo i kahi'āina'ē aʻe (a kūʻai paha i kāu huahana i kekahi mea nāna i lawe aku i ka'āina'ē), a laila - ma kekahi wahi - hiki ke ukuʻia nā uku pākēna i kāu mau huahana. ʻO nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i ka mea e uku aku ana ka poʻe kūʻai aku i kāu huahana no lākou ma mua o kouʻike.
Akā inā he'elike kālepa kāu'āina no ka'āina a me ka'āina e loaʻa ana, a laila hiki i ka mea hoʻohana hope loa o kāu huahana ke kūʻai i kāu huahana no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai aku iā ia me ka maʻalahi mai iāʻoe ma mua o ka hiki iā lākou mai ka'āina'ē (me kaʻole o kaʻaelikeʻoihana kahi).
Ma keʻano he mea kūʻai aku, eʻoi aku paha kou makemake i ka mālamaʻana i kaʻaelike kalepa ma muli o ka hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi iāʻoe i ka lanakila kūlana ma kekahi mau kālepa'ē. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka NAFTA kekahi o nā kumu nui, ināʻo kāuʻoihana liʻiliʻiʻoihana mahiʻai, inā paha ua kūʻai akuʻoe i kekahi hapa o kaʻumikumamālua mau miliona a me nā kālani kulina nui i hoʻounaʻia aku eʻAmelika Huipūʻia i Mexico i 2016.
Ma mua o ka NAFTA, ua hoʻokōʻia kāu huahana mahiʻaiʻoihana iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 10 pakeneka hōʻailona kālepa ma ka kānana āu i ho'āʻo ai i Mexico. Akā, ua hoʻoihoʻia ka NAFTA i kahi o 2 pakeneka. Ināʻoe heʻano mahiʻai maʻamau i nāʻoihana liʻiliʻi,ʻike pahaʻoe i hoʻonui i ka nui o kāu mau hoʻokuʻuʻana i Mexico.
Ka hopena o nāʻaelike Uila Honua ma luna o nā Chaina Pipi Pipi
Inā hana kāu hana liʻiliʻi i nā huahana limahana maʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma mua o ka NAFTA aʻikeʻoe i nā meaʻoihanaʻoihana e neʻe nei i kēlāʻano hana i Mexico e lilo i ka uku o nā hana lima haʻahaʻa, a laila eʻikeʻoe i ka hopena o kēlāʻaelikeʻoihana.
ʻO ka mea likeʻole, ināʻo kāuʻoihana liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea mahiʻai ma Mekikoka - uaʻike pahaʻoe i kahi hana'ē aʻe o ka NAFTA i kāuʻoihana liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻomakaʻana o Mexico e kūʻai i ka nui o kāna palaoa maiʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa.
Ma keʻano he meaʻoi liʻiliʻiʻoihana , ponoʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kahi kūlana o kāu pūnaewele lawelawe e pili ana i kaʻoihana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hiki paha i nā pāʻoihana pili ke hoʻopili i kāu mau kumukūʻai a me ka hiki ke hāʻawi i kāu mea kūʻai . A inā ua hoʻopauʻia nāʻaelike, hoʻoponopono hou a hoʻopauʻia paha, ponoʻoe eʻike i keʻano e hoʻopiliʻia ai ke kaulahao hoʻolaha .