ʻO nā māhele mana kiʻekiʻe o ka honua nei e kauʻia ana ma nā kumuhana hydroelectric. ʻO ka nui o ka ike e hiki ai i ka wai ke hanaʻia he mea kupaianaha aʻo ia ke kumu kumu i hoʻohanaʻia e nā hanauna e mana i nā wahi, nā kūlanakauhale a me nā aupuni.
Hiki ke hoʻohālikeʻia nā mea hana'ē aʻe i ka ikehu, no ka mea, he palena no ka mea Nuclear Plant e ka lāʻau i hoʻohanaʻia, a ua hoʻopiliʻia nā lālā o ka lā i ka hopena o ka lā a me kahi o ko lākou mau hale. ʻO nā mea kanu i kūkuluʻia he mauʻoihana ahupuaʻa i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hanaʻana i ka mana hili. I kekahi manawa ua kapaʻiaʻo ia he kikowaena ike no ka hanaʻana.
I ka pōkole, hoʻololiʻo ia i kekahiʻano o ka ikehu i kekahi. ʻO kēia mau manawaena pūnaewele he pūnaewele e hoʻohuli i ka ikehu mechanical i ka manahuula ma muli o ka mana o kahi alakaʻi i kahi māla. Hoʻohanaʻia ka pūnaehana ike i kēia mau mana o nāʻano likeʻole ka lahu, ka wai, ka makani, ka lā a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Eia kekahi o nā mea mana nui loa.
01 -ʻEkolu Gorges 18,460 MW China
Aia ka makua ma nā wahi o ka Xilingxia gorge, kekahi o nāʻauwaiʻekolu o ka muliwai, ka mea e mālama i kahi alawai wai o 1 miliona km2, me ka emiʻana o 451 billion m3 i ka makahiki. ʻO ia ka pūnaewele nui loa o ka honua. He 26 mau mea hana e hoʻonui ana i ka 700 MW.
ʻEono ponoʻole ka hoʻohanaʻana o nā mea hana hou ma ka mana honua i lalo a hiki i ka makahiki 2011. I ka manawa e hoʻopihaʻia ai he 32 mau pūnaewele nui me 2 nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (50 MW i kēlā me kēia) no ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i ka mea kanu pono'ī, a hiki i ka 22.5 GW.
Ua hanaʻia ka papa i ke koi a he 7,661 ka lōʻihi, a he 607 pi kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia papahana i 300,000 kapita o ka lima, 463,000 tononi o ke kila a hoʻoluliluliʻia e like me 134,200,000 haneli o ka honua. Ke piʻi ka wai o ka wai i 574 ftʻoi aʻe ma luna o kaʻilikai,ʻo ka lua wai kūpono he 410 mi ka lōʻihi a he 0.70 mi ka laulā ma ka awelika.
02 - Tucurui 8,370 MW Brazil
ʻO ia ka papahana hāpai honua nui loa ma ka wao naheleʻo Amazon. ʻO 8,370 MW ka meaʻoi aku o ka papa 25-mea kanu. Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka papa hana hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1975 a hoʻopauʻia i ka makahiki 1984 i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka Phase II i ka makahiki 1998 a ke hoʻomauʻia nei mai nā wā lōʻihi.
ʻO kaʻaoʻao nuiʻo Tucuruí Dam he 78 m kiʻekiʻe a 6.9 km ka lōʻihi o ka hao. ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana o nā mīkini Mouse a me Caraipé i piha i nā pahuhopu e hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa i 12,515 m. ʻO ke kai i hoʻopihaʻia e ka makuakāne, he 45 km² ka nui o ka wai me ka nui o 32 km³.
ʻO ka pahu nuiʻo Creager-type type spillway ka lua o ka nui ma ka honua me ka maximumʻoi aku o 110,000 m³ / sec. Hoʻoponoponoʻia e 20 mau kahawai he 20m x 21m. ʻO ka 405m x 58m Pākahi I ka hale hanaʻia he līlū a ua hoʻokomoʻia me ka lawe a me nā penstoka. ʻO ka hale o ka papa hana he 12 x 330 MW Francis turbine. ʻO kekahi hui wai hui a me nā hale hana kōkua pū kekahi hoʻi he hale 2 x 20 MMT. Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka papa no ka kākoʻoʻana i nā loka kaʻinaʻo 210m lōʻihi a 33m.
03 - Itaipu 14,750 MW Brazil / Paraguay
He wai wai wai paha ma ka muliwaiʻo Paraná ma ka palena ma waena o Brazil a me Paraguay. ʻO 14 ka GW pūnaewele i hoʻonohonohoʻia me ka 20 pūnaewele e hoʻolako ana i nāʻenehana e hāʻawi ana i 700 MW me kēlā me kēia pahu hana hoʻokele hydraulic o 118 m.
I ka makahiki 2008, ua hoʻokumu ka mea kanu i 94.68 bniona kWh, e hāʻawi ana i 90% o ka ikehu i pau i ka Paraguay a me 19% o ka mea iʻaiʻia e Brazil. ʻO ka huiʻiaʻana o 20 pūnaehana, hoʻonuiʻia he 10 o lākou ma 50 Hz no Paraguay, a me nā hua heʻumi i koe ma 60 Hz no Brazil.
Hoʻomakaʻia ka wai o ka mea kanu i ka lā 13 oʻOkakopa, 1982, i ka pauʻana o ka hanaʻana o ka hao a ua paniʻia nā pani puka o nāʻaoʻao. Ua hoʻololiʻia ka papa o kaʻehikuʻehiku o ka muliwai ma ka honua, he 50 miliona mau kuala o ka honua a me ka pōhaku.
ʻO ka nui o ka pahu hana i hoʻohanaʻia no ka kūkuluʻana i ka Power Plant Plant he lawa ia e kūkulu i nā kahua pīpeku 210,ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻohanaʻia no ka hana 380 Eiffel Towers. ʻO 7235 m ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. ʻO 225 m ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO'Isapu heʻehā mau momona i hui pūʻia - mai kaʻaoʻao hema, kahi kī piha piha honua, kahi waiʻeha, kahi wai nuiʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka luawai'ākauʻoʻoleʻa ma ka'ākau.
04 - Simon Bolivar (Guri) 10,055 MW Venezuela
Hoʻomaka ke kūkuluʻia i ka makahiki 1963 i hoʻopauʻia ka māhele mua i ka makahiki 1978 a me ka lua o nā makahiki i ka makahiki 1986.ʻO kēiaʻoihana hana akamai i hiki ke hana i kahi miliona mau kilowatts / hola ma nā lumi mīkini lua. Hāʻawi ka mea kanu i ka 2,065 megawatts (kahi megawatt 'MW' he hoʻokahi miliona watts), e lawe ana i ka dam i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 215 mika aiʻole e kokoke ana i 650 'kapuaʻi ma mua aʻe o kaʻilikai.
Loaʻa iā ia he mau lumi mīkiniʻelua a me nā mea hana heʻumi, a hiki i ka miliona miliona kilowatts i hoʻokahi hola. ʻO ka hope loa o ka Guri Dam i pau i ka makahiki 1986; uaʻae kēia i ka makua e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka wai i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 272 mau mika. I kēia manawa, ua kūkuluʻia kekahi papa hana lua ma ia hale i 10 mauʻanuʻu 630 MW i kēlā me kēia. I kēia manawa,ʻo ka Guri Dam, ka mea e hua i ka 10,200 MW i kēlā lā i kēia lā
05 - Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 8,206 MW Japan
ʻO ka Plant Power Plant Kashiwazaki-Kariwa ka māla ikaika nui loa o ka honua. Aia kēia pūnaewele mana nui loa ma kahi 4.2 km² pūnaewele ma kahi o Niigata Prefecture, Iapana ma ke kahakai o ke Kaiʻo Iapana. Na ka Tokyo Electric Power Company a iʻole ka TEPCO i paʻa a mālamaʻia. ʻO kēia mea kanu,ʻo ia ka pūnaewele hoʻonui honua nui loa ma ka honua nei, ua kokoke i ke kikowaena o ke ōlaʻi ikaika loa e ulu ma kahi ulu lāʻau ulu honua i ka makahiki 2007. Ua pani paʻaʻia no 21 mau mahina ma hope o ke ōlaʻi. ʻElua mau pūnaewele mai ka makahiki 2009 i kēia manawa.