Nā Māmala'ōlelo SME e hoʻololi ana mai ke Aupuni ai kekahi Aupuni
Eia naʻe, e pili ana ka mea SME a iʻole ka liʻiliʻi i ka Medium Enterprise i ka mea e hana ana i ka ho'ākāka. Ma muli o ka'āina, hiki ke hoʻohālikeʻia ka nui o kaʻenehana ma muli o ka helu o nā limahana , nā kūʻai makahiki, nā waiwai , a me nā hui pūʻana o kēia. Hoʻololi paha ia mai kaʻoihana i kaʻoihana (e like me ia ma US)
Ke kūkulu nei nā'ōmike liʻiliʻi i nāʻoihanaʻoihana (SMEs) i ka hapanui o nāʻoihana ma ka hapanui o nā'āina.
Wahi a ka US Data Census Bureau, ma ka makahiki 2014 ma kahiʻoihana SME me kaʻoihana he 20 aʻoi aku i ka 97.9 pakeneka o nāʻoihana a pau ma ka US. Hoʻolilo lākou i 46 pakeneka o ka GDP waiwaiʻole ma 2008 (ka makahiki i hala aku nei kahi e loaʻa ai kaʻikeʻike kumu) , e lilo ana ia mau mea i mea nui no ka uluʻana i ka waiwai, ka loiloi , a me nāʻano likeʻole.
Ma muli o kā lākou kōkua i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka nui o ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻaʻana o nā kālā a me kā lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe o kaʻauhauʻauhau a me nā kānāwai, ua hāʻawi pinepineʻia nā SMEs i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki a me nāʻauhauʻauhau maikaʻi. Ma muli o ka'āina, hiki i nā aupuni ke hoʻohana i nā kulekele likeʻole e paipai i ka uluʻana o nā SME.
Nā US SME Definition
Ma ka US, hoʻolālā ka weheweheʻana o kahi SME ma o kaʻoihana, e like me ka Pūnaehana Hoʻomohala Hana Hana'Aiwi (NAICS). NAICS kahi polokalamu i kūkuluʻia e US, Kanada, a me Mekikoka e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻoikaika i ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana i nāʻikepiliʻoihana.
Ke hāʻawi aku nei ka US Administration Small Business Administration (SBA) i ka papa inoa o nā kūlana o ka pāʻoihana liʻiliʻi e like me nā kūlana NAICS . I manaʻoʻia heʻanoʻoihana liʻiliʻi a ua kūpono e noi no nāʻaelike a ke aupuni a me nā kālā i kākoʻoʻia, pono kaʻoihana i loko o nā palena i kaupalenaʻia e pili ana i ka nui o nā limahana a iʻole kālā.
I loko o ka hanaʻana, no ka laʻana, uaʻikeʻia kahi SME i loaʻa he 500 mau limahana a emiʻole paha, akā, ma kaʻoihana kalepa, he 100 mauʻoihana aʻoiʻuʻuku paha. Hiki i nā'eneki ma waena o nā'enelā keʻano iki. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka lālā 21, Mīkini Koi, Quarrying a me Oil a me Gas Extraction,ʻo kahiʻoihana e pili ana i Copper Ore a me Nickel Ore Mining he hiki i kahi 1,500 mau limahana a manaʻoʻia he SME i ka manawa o kahiʻoihana e pili ana i Silver Ore Mining wale nō. i 250 mau hana.
Nā Palena SME o Canada
Ke hoʻohana neiʻo Industry Canada i ka hua'ōlelo SME no ka nānāʻana i nāʻoihana me ka'emi he 500 mau kānaka i ka hoʻolālāʻana i nāʻoihana me 500 mauʻoihana'ē aʻe ma keʻano he "ʻoihana nui".
Hoʻopau i ka ho'ākāka SME, Hōʻikeʻo Canada Canada i kahiʻoihana liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea i emi iho ma lalo o 100 mau hana (inā heʻoihana kūʻai huahana) ma lalo o 50 mau hana (inā heʻoihanaʻoihana kaʻoihana). ʻO kahi paʻaʻoihana iʻoi aku ka nui o nā limahana ma mua o kēia mau kaʻiliʻana akā ua emi nā kānaka iʻoi aku ma lalo o 500 mau kānaka iʻoihanaʻoihana.
Hoʻopilikinoʻia kahiʻoihana micro-ʻoihana iʻoihana me ka emi mai oʻelima mau limahana.
Ma kāna polokalamu noiʻi hoʻomau e hōʻiliʻili ana i nāʻikepili ma SMEs ma Kanada,ʻikeʻia e Statistics Canada kekahi SME e like me kahiʻoihanaʻoihana me nā kānaka 0 a 499 a emi iho i lalo o $ 50 miliona ma nā kālā nui.
'ElemuʻEleʻele (EU) SME Definition
I ka EU, hoʻohanaʻia kekahi pūnaehana likeʻole e ho'ākāka i nā Small to Medium Enterprises. ʻO kahiʻoihana me kahi poʻo o ka liʻiliʻi o ka 250 i hoʻohālikeʻia me keʻano kaulike; ʻO kahiʻoihana me ke poʻo o ka emi iho o ka 50 he mea liʻiliʻi, aʻo kahiʻoihana me kahi poʻo o ka emi mai i ka 10 he mea loiloi. Ke nānā nei hoʻi ka pūnaewele o'Aulopa i ka hoʻonuiʻana o kaʻoihana a me kāna pūʻulu palekana .
| ʻO ka hui kamaliʻi | Nui nā poʻokela o nā luna | Ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka palekana pepa holoʻokoʻa | |
| Nui ka nui | <250 | ≤ € 50 m | ≤ € 43 m |
| Liʻiliʻi | <50 | ≤ € 10 m | ≤ € 10 m |
| Pākuʻi | <10 | ≤ € 2 m | ≤ € 2 m |
* Mai kaʻikeʻana o ka European Commission Definition
Nā UK SME Definition
ʻAʻole he kūlana no ka weheweheʻana i nā SMEs ma UK. ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻano SME i kūpono loaʻia,ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia e ka EU (ma luna).
Kāina SME Definition
ʻO ke kūlana o China i kahi SME e like me kaʻoihana.
Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona:
| Kaʻoihana | Nui nā poʻokela o nā luna | Pūnaewele (RMB) | ʻAe |
| Heavy Industry | <1000 | ≤ 400 m | |
| Ke kālepa kūʻai | <200 | ≤ 400 m | |
| Kūʻai kūʻai | <300 | ≤ 200 m | |
| Nā kaʻa | <1000 | ≤ 300 m | |
| Ke kuhi | <200 | ≤ 300 m | |
| Hoʻokele | <300 | ≤ 100 m | |
| Kāleʻa /ʻAla | <300 | ≤ 100 m | |
| Pūnaewele / IT | <300 | ≤ 100 m | |
| Ka Hoʻomohala Hoʻolaha | ≤ 2 b | ≤ 100 m | |
| Ka hoʻounaʻike | <2000 | ≤ 1 b |
* Mai ke Kuhina Waiwai a me ka 'Ikepili Kikohana, ka National Bureau of Statistics, ka National Development and Reform Commission, a me ka Manualeka Pāʻoihana (Iulai 7, 2011)
Eʻike pūʻia hoʻi: Small to Medium Enterprise.
Nā'Ahālike: Loaʻa ka ho'ākāka SME maʻamau i ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i nāʻike heluʻikepili e pili ana i nāʻoihana.
E nānā hoʻi:
Ke kohoʻana i kahiʻanoʻoihanaʻoihana