ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe i kau aku i ka lei aliʻi iā Martha Matilda Harper,ʻo ia ka mua o Rochester, NY no ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka pūnaewele puka kula Harper . Akā,ʻoiai ua hoʻolaha aku ka Hui KuʻunaʻoʻAi Moku'āina iā iaʻo ka franchisor mua i 2000,ʻo ia nō ka makahiki i koho aku ai lākou iā Joanne Shaw (Pelekikena a me ka Hui o ka Coffee Beanery) ma ko lākou wahine wahine mua,ʻo Mrs. Harper hoʻi,ʻaʻoleʻo ia ke poʻokela mua loa. ʻO ka inoa o ka franchisor mua maʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia e kūmua nei i ko kākou kūʻokoʻa a paʻaʻia e ... Benjamin Franklin.
1891:ʻO Martha Matilda Harper Licenses kāna haole Pelekikena
He hana nuiʻo Harper hou, aʻo ka pūnaewele waiwai āna i kūkulu ai i nā kumuhana he nui a mākou i manaʻo ai i kahi pūnaewele pili kālā. Ua hāʻawi akuʻo ia i kona mau inoa kālā me ka hoʻomakaʻana a me ka hoʻomauʻana i ke aʻoʻana, nā huahana lauoho lauoho, nā kipaʻana, nā hoʻolaha, nāʻioke a me ka hoʻoikaika.
ʻO kāna heleʻana i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i kahi polokalamu kākoʻo no kona mau kuleana kālā a me ka hōʻikeʻana i kāna mau mea hōʻikeʻike, he mea nui ia o ka hoʻolahaʻana i kēia lā.
Hoʻokumuʻo Mrs. Harper i kānaʻoihana pāʻani i ka makahiki 1888, a loaʻa iā ia ka laikini kuleana mua i ka makahiki 1891, a ua uluʻo ia i kaʻoihana iʻoi aku i 500 mau loiloi a hoʻonaʻauao i nā kula ma kona piko. Ma hope o kona hoʻomaha loa a me kona make i ka makahiki 1950 i ka 93 o kona makahiki, a ma hope o ka makeʻana o kāna kāne i ka makahiki 1965, ua loaʻa i ka mea hoʻokūkū i ka Harper Method Shops i ka makahiki 1972 a ua paniʻia.
ʻO Centa Sailer, ka mea i noho ai ma Rochester, NY,ʻo ia ke kuleana o Harper Method i hope loa:ʻo Susan B. Anthony,ʻo Jacqueline Kennedy,ʻo Helen Hayes, a me nā kāne a me nā wāhine'ē aʻe he nui.
1731: Benjamin Franklin Komo i loko o ka "Co-Partnership"
ʻOiaiʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana oʻAmelika Huipūʻia,ʻo ka mea mua loa i ka mea i lilo i United States keʻano i hoʻokahi o ko mākou mau mākua kumu hoʻohanohano a me nā mea hou: Benjamin Franklin. ʻO kāna mauʻoihana iʻike nuiʻia,ʻo ia nō ka ohe uila, nā mīkaiʻauʻau, nā aniani bifocal, ka odometer, ka manawa mālama pale lā, ka Frankve Stove, kahi noho hale waihona i hoʻololiʻia, a me ka hokelane maʻamau (ʻaʻole wau makemake eʻike i ka mea hoʻohanaʻia ma mua). Ua hanaʻo ia i kekahi mea kani i ka makahiki 1761 i kapaʻiaʻo Glass Armonica, kahi mele mele a Beethoven lāuaʻo Mozart. Ua hāʻawiʻo ia i ko mākouʻike mua i nā pono o ka lewa uila, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka haukapila mua o ka lāhui, e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka mahana o ka MoanaʻAkelanika, ua kākauʻo ia i ka Plan of Albany, ua kākauʻo ia i ka Hōʻikeʻo Independence, a ua loaʻa i kekahi manawa ka manawa e hana ai i ka mea iʻikeʻia. ʻO ka pūnaewele puka mua ma kēia kahakai.
Ma ka lā 13 o Kepakemapa, 1731, ma ke kūlanakauhale o Philadelphia, ua komoʻo Benjamin Franklin i kahiʻaelike me Thomas Whitmarsh no "Ka Hui Pūʻali no ka hoʻokōʻana i ka Pāʻoihana Paʻi ma Charlestown i South Carolina."ʻO ka paʻi puke a Franklin i hana ai me Ua paʻi pūʻo Whitmarsh i ka South Carolina Gazette a me keʻano o ka mea paʻi puke o ka hapa nui o nā kākau a Franklin,ʻo ia hoʻiʻo Poor Richard's Almanac.
ʻO kaʻaelike hui pūnaewele e koiʻia ana i loko o kona mau makahikiʻeono "ʻo ka Pākaha no ka paiʻana a me ka hāʻawiʻana i ka Paihana i paʻiʻia aia ma lalo o ka mālama, mālama, a me ke kuhikuhi o Thomas Whitmarsh a me ka Māhele Hana e hana ai a ma kāna kālā "Ua koiʻia nō hoʻiʻo Whitmarsh e kūʻai i kāna mau huapalapala mai Franklin:"ʻAʻoleʻo Thomas Whitmarsh i loko o ka manawa o ka Hui Hui i hanaʻia me nā palapala'ē aʻe'ē aʻe ma mua o nā mea i'ōleloʻia e Benjamin Franklin. "Uaʻae pū nōʻo Whitmarsh i kahi "ʻaʻole hoʻi e komo i kekahiʻoihana'ē aʻe akā paʻiʻia i loko o kēlā Term Term, kahi manawa i hala aku aiʻo Merchandize."ʻAʻole iʻaeʻia e kaʻaelike kekahi o kēia mau koi ma Franklin, a he mea nui ia inā Ua komoʻo Franklin i nā hoʻohui like likeʻole.
I loko o kēia manawaʻo Franklin ka Luna Nui o nā Hale Kolepa, i hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻomalu, i ka nui o ka hāʻawiʻana i nā lono ma nā Kolomu. Mai ia manawa i hana ai i ka mana, ua komoʻo Franklin i loko o nā hui like me nā mea'ē'ē aʻe ma nā Kolomu a pau, me Louis Timothé (1733),ʻo Elizabeth Timoteo (Timothee),ʻo Louis "wahine make a (1739),ʻo Peter Timothy (Timothee), ke keiki a Elisabeta (1747 ), James Parker (New York),ʻo Thomas Smith (Antigua), Benjamin Mecom (Antigua), James Franklin Jr. a me Ann Franklin (Newport, RI), William Dunlap (Lancaster, PA), Samuel Holland (Lancaster, PA), ʻO John Henry Miller (Lancaster, PA) lāuaʻo Thomas Fleet (Boston, MA), nāna i hoʻopuka i ka Boston Evening Post . Ua hoʻokumuʻo Franklin i nā kuleana hou aku ma North Carolina, Georgia, Dominica, a me Kingston, Jamaica. Aia nō hoʻi nā moʻolelo o Franklin i komo i nā papahana likeʻole ma Kanada a me Pelekānia i kona mau makahiki.
I loko o kona lōʻihi lōʻihi ma Farani kahi i kūpaʻa aiʻo ia me ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka poʻe Farani i ko mākou kaua o ke kuʻokua, he hapa nui o ka loaʻa kālā o Franklin mai kāna mau kaula i kākauʻia. Ma waho o ka Farani, hiki ke hopohopo iki eʻaʻohe United States i kēia lā; a me ka loaʻaʻole o nā kālā i loaʻa mai ma Franklin mai ka hoʻolahaʻana a ke kākoʻo iā ia no nā makahiki he nui, hiki ke kū'ē i ka manaʻo e hikiʻole paha ke United States.
ʻAʻole wale waleʻo Franklin i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hōkeleʻana i ka uluʻana o ko mākou lāhui. Nui nā'ōlelo kuhikuhi i ka moʻolelo o kaʻoihanaʻAmelika mua loa e pili ana i nā monopoly aupuni a me nāʻoihana pili mua o kaʻoihana e like me nā kuhi kūʻai pāʻoihana hou. ʻO kēia nā hana a Robert Fulton i ka laikiniʻana o kona mau mokuahi maʻAmelika Huipūʻia,ʻEnelani, Rusia, a me'Iia, a me ka hāʻawiʻana i nā hale kūʻai nui ma nā pūʻali koa a me kekahi mau mākeke e kūʻai ana i nā holoholona a me nā waiwai'ē aʻe i hāʻawiʻia ai nā kuleana'āina a me nā kuleana'ē aʻe.
ʻO kaʻikeʻana i ka wā kahiko
Ma loko o kona wā lōʻihi,ʻekolu mau kuʻuna i ulu i ka uluʻana o ka franchising:
- ʻO ka makemake e hoʻonui a mālama
- Ka palena o ke kumukūʻai kanaka a me ke kālā
- ʻO ka pono e lanakila ma luna o kahi mamao loa
Hoʻohanaʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hilinaʻiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka hale pule a ma keʻano he hana mua o ka hoʻomaluʻana o ke aupuni, hiki i ka wā o ka wā. Ua kākau kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo e hiki i ka hōʻailonaʻana i ka Roman Empire a iʻole ma mua, he manaʻo kūpono no ka hāʻawiʻiaʻana o nā mana āpau āpau me ka hemahema o nā kaʻahana a me ka kamaʻilioʻana i kēia manawa. Ma kāna puke Franchising:ʻO ka How-Book , Lloyd Tarbutton ka hua'ōlelo maʻamau o ka hui mua ma Kina i ka 200 BC
ʻO ka'ōlelo Hawaiʻi a me ka hoʻoulu
Ua hoʻohanaʻia ka'ōlelo Franchising maʻEnelani a meʻEulopa kahi i waihoʻia ai nā'āina'āina a me nā kuleana'ē aʻe o nā kuleana a me nā kuleana'āina i nā poʻe ikaika ma loko o ka halepule. I ka hoʻololiʻana i kēia mau haʻawina'āina, ua pono nā aliʻi hanohano a me nā luna pule e hoʻomalu i ka'āina ma o ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā pūʻali aʻaʻohe kūpono e hoʻonoho i nā tolls a hoʻokumu aʻauhau i nāʻauhau, a ua ukuʻia kekahi hapa o ka'āina. ʻOiai, he kūlana pōʻino ia, he mana nui ka mālamaʻana i ka'āina, aʻo ia ke kumu no ka polokalamu hoʻonaʻauao kahi i uku aku ai nā aliʻi i ka waiwai i ka Mō'ī no ka pono e lawelawe a hana i ka'āina, a me nāʻoihanaʻoihana'ēhana aʻoihana'ēhana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā aliʻi i ka'āina i waena o nā mea mahiʻai a me nā vassals o ka'āina, aʻo ka mea i uku no kēlā kūpono i ka manawa o ka mea ulu a lākou i hānai ai. Ua mālamaʻia kēia mana o ka mana aupuni maʻEnelani a hiki i ka wā i hoʻopukaʻia i ka Council of Trent i ka makahiki 1562.
Ke kākoʻoʻana o ke aupuni me ka colonialism
Me nā hoʻolālā waiwai i hōʻikeʻia e kaʻikeʻana o ka New World i ka makahiki 1492, a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā manawa kūʻai kalepa honua, nā aupuni a me nā hui kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻolahaʻana e hoʻonui a hoʻolālā i ka mana ma kahi mamao loa, ma Asia a me'Afelika.
Ua hoʻokumuʻia kēia i 1602 ma keʻano he laina o ka Repubalika Nūlani e lawelawe i kaʻoihana ma waena o Cape of Good Hope ma ke kihi hema o'Afelika, a me nā Straits o Magellan ma kaʻaoʻao hema oʻAmelika Hema. Ua kūʻaiʻia ka waiwai o ka hui i 6.5 miliona mau kānaka i kēlā manawa. Ma keʻano he mana aupuni loa, ua kipaku lākou i ka hikina mai Cape Town a hiki i ka mea i kēia manawaʻo Indonesia, lanakila i ka'āina mai ka Pukiki a hoʻokumu i kahi keʻena nui ma Jakarta i ka makahiki 1619 ma keʻano he kahua kūʻai me Iapana.
I ka makahiki 1641, ua hakakā ke Kamāliʻakā o East India Company i nā ho'āʻo o Pelekānia e uhaki i nāʻoihana paʻakai a huli i ke komohana eʻimi i ka New World. Ua komo ka hui i nā lawelawe a Kāpena Henry Hudson, kekahi mea hana mua o ka Hui Pelekane Pelekane, he luna aupuni o ke aupuni Beritania. Loaʻa i kaʻike a Hudson o ka Northeast Passage, hāʻawi akulaʻo ia i kā lākou mau koi ma ka Hudson Valley ma ka'ākauʻo New York a hiki i Albany. Akā i ka 1799 lanakila i kū'ē i ka Hui Keʻena o East East India a ua waiho aku lākou no ka banekorupa; ua laweʻia aku kā lākou waiwai a pau e ka Repubalika Nūlani.
I ka makahiki 1606, ua hāʻawi aku ka Mō'ī James I oʻEnelani i kahi palapala hoʻohui kūikawā no Virginia i ka Lādena Lākana ,ʻo iaʻo Kāpena Christopher Newport nāna i hoʻolimalima Kāpena Christopher Newport e lawe mai i nā malihini i Virginia a hoʻopaʻa i ia wahi. Ua holo lākou mai Lādana i Kekemapa 1606 a ua pae i ka lā 26 oʻApelila, 1607. Ua lanakilaʻo Kāpena John Smith iā Kāpena Newport i ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻokumu mau loa o Beritania ma ka New World, nona ka inoaʻo Jamestown. Ua paio ke koʻi a me ka Jamestown pono'ī i hoʻopakeleʻia i ka makahiki 1622 i alakaʻiʻia e ka Hui Kuʻuna Powhatan, 347 mau mea noho ma nā wahi i hoʻopuniʻia e pepehiʻia - kokoke i kahi hapakolu o ka poʻe Pelekane. ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka hanaʻoleʻana a ka Hui Lākana, i ka makahiki 1624, ua hoʻokahuli wau i ka palapala hoʻohui a lawe mai i ka Kolo o Virginia ma lalo o ka mana Pelekane. ʻO ka nui o ka nohoʻana a me ka huliʻana o nā mana Pelekānia a me'Elepa i ka New World, ua mālamaʻia ma lalo o keʻano likeʻole.
ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kūʻaiʻana i nāʻoihana kūʻai
Hoʻokumuʻia ka pāʻoihana kalepa i ka makahiki 18 ma Lākana, ma kahi i hoʻohana ai kaʻoihana hanahana i "kahi hale paʻahao" e hoʻokumu i kahi pūnaewele hoʻolaha'āina no kāna huahana. I ka hoʻololiʻana i nā kōkua kālā mai nā kahu kūʻai mai, uaʻae nā mea kālepa e kūʻai aku i kā lākou pia a me ka ale mai nā mea kākoʻo. ʻAʻole nā mana o ka poʻe brewerie e mālama i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā o nā hale pule ma waho o ka papa kūʻai hoʻoholo. Ke hoʻomau nei ka "hale hale paʻa" i kēia mau lā ma UK a ua like nō ia me ka hoʻolālā paʻahana i hoʻohanaʻia e Benjamin Franklin ma nā Kolonā; ua like nō ia me ka Kuʻuna a iʻole Huahana a me ka Trade Name franchising ma United States i kēia mau lā.
Nā Transport Advances Restaurant Franchising
Ma ka waenakonu o ka makahiki 1800, hoʻonuiʻia ke kaʻaahi kaʻaahi a me ka hoʻokeleʻana o nā poʻeʻAmelika e hoʻokumu ana i nā kāina hale kūʻai. ʻO ka mea Pelekāneʻo Frederick Henry Harvey ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka paeʻaina mua loa maʻAmelika Huipūʻia i ka makahiki 1850.ʻOiai ua pau kāna haleʻaina mua i ka wā o ke Kaua Kuleana, ua weheʻo Harvey i ka mua o nā haleʻainaʻo Harvey House i ka makahiki 1876 ma kahi kahakai o Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ke Alanui Kaa. Ua makemakeʻo kahi kaʻaahi e wehe i nā haleʻaina no nā mea kaʻa o ka moku, a hoʻolako iā Harvey me nā wahi a me ka lakoʻole o nā lako meaʻai. Ma ka makahiki 1887, aia kahi hale kūʻaiʻo Harvey House i kēlā me kēia haneri mile ma kahi o ka laina 12,000-mile o Atchison, Topeka, a me Santa Fe. Manaʻo nuiʻo Harvey i ka mālamaʻana i ka maikaʻi, hoʻonohonoho i nā kipa mākaʻi maʻamau i kona mau haleʻaina, a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe e like me nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i kēia mau lā e ka poʻe franchisors. ʻO ka haleʻo Harvey House he mauʻoihana, akāʻo ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina i aʻoʻia e Harvey i lilo i māhele o ka pūnaewele kuleana maʻamau iʻikeʻia i kēia lā.
Ma ke kaʻina o ke kenekulia, ua nui ka uku o ka laweʻana i nā huahana i loko o nāʻele ka aniani i mālamaʻia i ka inuʻoluʻolu e nininiʻia i kahiʻoihana kūloko. Ma ke kāpiliʻana i ka syrup i kona mau franchisees, a me ka koiʻana i kaʻaina'āina i ka'ōmole ma lalo o nā kumuhana a me nā kaʻina hana, hiki i nā mea hana inuʻoluʻolu e like me Coca Cola ke kāohi i ka hua o kā lākou huahana ma nā māhele mamao a hoʻonui me ka nuiʻole o ke kalakai e makemake ana. Ua loaʻa i nā Franchise nā kuleana e hoʻohana ana i ka papahana Coca-Cola a me ka inoa waiwai nui, a ua hiki i nā paila ke lanakila ma luna o nā hihia kālepa i hoʻokauʻia i kēlā manawa i kā lākou ulu. I ka makahiki 1901, ua hāʻawi akuʻo Coca-Cola i kāna hua'ōlelo mua loa i ka Georgia Coca-Cola Bottling Company.
Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua Mua,ʻo ka holoʻana o ke kaʻa i hoʻoulu hou i kahi meaʻimi hou:ʻo ka hale hoʻokipa. I ka makahiki 1919 ua kūʻaiʻo Roy Allen i keʻano no kāna meaʻai o ka pia no ka mea lapaʻau a ua weheʻo ia i kona kū mua ma Lodi, Kaleponi. Ma hope oʻelua makahiki i hala, hoʻomakaʻo Allen i ka pia aʻa, a laila hui pūʻo ia me ka pakiaka kaulanaʻo Frank Wright, e hui pū ana i kā lākou mau talent (a me nā hua mua) e hoʻomakaʻana i ka Beka A & W Root i ka makahiki 1922.
I ka makahiki 1923, ua weheʻo Allen a me Wright i ka hale kūʻai'Āina A & W mua, e hana ana i ka papahana mua o nā haleʻaina kūikawā. E pono ana e hoʻonui, e kūʻaiʻo Allen i Frank Wright i ka makahiki 1924 a hoʻomakaʻo ia e hoʻolaha i ka manaʻo A & W Restaurant . Hāʻawi nā lawelawe A & W i nā lawelawe kaʻa kaʻa kaʻawaleʻole i hoʻolakoʻia e nā "tray-boys," a laila ua hoʻohui houʻia nā kauā wahine a me nā "epikolapi" ma luna o nā palemole.
Hāʻawiʻia e Billy Ingram lāuaʻo Walter Anderson ko lākou papa White Castle mua ma ka makahiki 1921 ma Wichita, Kansas. Ua lawe maiʻo White Castle i nāʻano kūlana o kaʻoihana hale mea wikiwiki,ʻo ia ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻolaha a me ka hōʻemi kūʻaiʻana, kālepa hukiʻana e mālama ai i ka meaʻai, a me ka lole kāwili pepa.
I loko nō hoʻi o ka makahiki 1920, ua loaʻaʻo Howard Dearing Johnson i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma Quincy, Massachusetts a hoʻomakaʻo ia e kūʻai aku iʻekolu mauʻala o ka hauʻulu me ka palena palena o nā mea kuke i loko o nā haleʻainaʻo Howard Johnson . Ua hāʻawi akuʻo Howard Johnson i kona kuleana kuleana mua iā Reginald Sprague i ka makahiki 1935, a ma luna o nā makahiki i hoʻonui i kāna papa helu e komo ai i 28 mauʻala o ka hauʻulu. I ke kūkuluʻana i kahi alanui kūikawā me ke kauʻana o nā hōʻailona a me nā pylon e hōʻike ana i ka inoa a me ka logo, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ka hui i ka pākuʻi pili mua loa ma Pennsylvania Turnpike.
Hoʻomakaʻia nā papahana i hoʻohuiʻia i nā mele he nui i loko o nā makahiki he 20 e hala aku nei, me Kentucky Fried Chicken (1930); Carvel (1934); ʻO Arthur Murray Dance Studio (1938); Queen Queen (1940); ʻO Duraclean (1943); Dunkin Donuts (1950); Burger King (1954); ʻO McDonald (1955); a me ka International House of Pancakes (1958). ʻO nā moʻolelo o kēia mau pilikua mua o ka pae mua i lilo i ke kumu o nā puke he nui i nā makahiki, a uaʻikeʻia nā haʻawina i nā mea i loaʻa i nā mehana ukali e pili ana iā lākou.
ʻOiaiʻo ka hana houʻana o nā paionia hale kūʻai mua loa i ka lanakila i kēia mau lā,ʻo ia kaʻoihana kaʻa i ka makahiki 1900 a me ka neʻeʻana o ka lāhui ulu e hoʻokumu ana i ka manawa kūpono a me ka pono o kēia mau hale hale mea kanu e ulu.
Nā Kūleʻa Hua'ōlelo a me nā lawelawe i hōʻailona
ʻO ka mua loa o kaʻaiʻole,ʻo ia ka pilina ma kahi e hoʻokumu ai nā mea hana i nāʻoihana i laikiniʻia a me nā wahi lawelawe no kā lākou mau mea i kālepa ai ma ka pukaʻana. Hiki keʻikeʻia kēia mea ma ka McCormack Harvesting Machine Company , i ka palena iki o ka Hāpale Haʻuki Harper, a ma hope aku ma ke kaʻahua kaʻahua a me kaʻaila.
Na ka American Industrial Revolution i lawe mai i ka hana nui o nā mea kūʻai waiwai, hoʻonui i ka noi o nā mea kūʻai a me ka pono e kūʻai aku a hāʻawi i nā huahana kūpono a me ka waiwai maikaʻi ma kahi mamao loa aku. Ua ho'āʻoʻia nāʻano o ke kālepa a me ka māheleʻana i mua o ka hoʻolahaʻana, e like me ke kūʻai pūnaewele pololei, kūʻai ma nā wahiʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa inoaʻia e like me nā pharmacies, ka leka uila, a me nā mea kūʻai kaʻa. ʻOiai ua lawaʻole kēia mau mea a pau no ka hoʻokōʻana i nā pono o ka mea e hana ana i ka'āina,ʻo ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā luna kūʻai o ka'āina i mea hōʻoia. ʻO ka Singer Machine Machine Machine,ʻoiaiʻaʻole i hoʻolahaʻia, hoʻohanaʻia kekahiʻano o ka lawelawe o ka'āina ma waena o nāʻoihana o nāʻoihana e hōʻikeʻia e like me ke kuleana o kēlā me kēia wahi e ka luna o ka hale.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai hua'ōlelo i ka wā kahiko. ʻo kekahi, e like me ka Harper Method a me Rexall, he mau papa hana i hoʻohuiʻia. I ka makahiki 1902, ua hanaʻo Louis Liggett i kahi hana hana ma waena o nā hale kūʻai olakino he 40, i kēlā me kēia hoʻohui kālā he $ 4000 e hoʻomaka ai i ka hana hana lima o ka laikini Rexall Drug Store . Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua hoʻomaka ka Rexall e hoʻokomo i nā kele kūʻai kūʻokoʻa pono'ī ma lalo o ka inoa kūʻai o Rexall, e hāʻawi ana i nā hua'ōlelo me nā huahana Rexall i hoʻopaʻaʻia. ʻO kaʻoihana nui i hāʻawiʻia e Rexall e like me ka franchisor,ʻo ia ka hiki ke kūʻai pololei a hāʻawi i nā huahana no ke kālā,ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai i ka huahana i hanaʻia e ka hui.
Ua kūʻai akuʻo General Motors i kāna hua'ōlelo mua i 1898 iā William E. Metzger o Detroit. Ua hoʻomakaʻia ke kūʻaiʻiaʻo Ford Ford ma nā kālepa kūʻai i ka makahiki 1903. Ma ka kohoʻana i ka poʻe franchisees a me ka hāʻawiʻana iā lākou me nā'āina kūʻokoʻa, hiki i nā mea hana waiwai paʻakikī e like me General Motors a me Ford ke lawe mai i kā lākou huahana i ke kūleʻa maikaʻi, maikaʻi, a lōʻihi loa. Hui wikiwiki nā hui o kaʻaila i ka hoʻopiʻi, hoʻokumu i nā pūnaehu kūkomi franchised ma'ō aku oʻAmelika Huipūʻia e lawelawe i ka piʻi wikiwiki o nā kaʻa puhi i loko. Ua hoʻomakaʻo Hertz e hoʻokele kaʻa i ka makahiki 1925; Hōʻike i ka makahiki 1946.
ʻO kekahi o nāʻokoʻa hou loa i hoʻolahaʻia i ka makahiki 1909 me ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o kaʻahahui Kamupene o kaʻAha Pūʻali Honua. Ma mua o ia manawa, uaʻimiʻia ka franchise hua'ōlelo me kaʻoihanaʻoihana a me, koe wale no ka hoʻolakoʻana i nā huahana ulaula,ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i nā lawelawe pili i kaʻoihana. ʻOiai e hilinaʻi ana i ka hōʻailona ma ka hua kūʻai kūʻai i nā kuleana kūpono ma mua o nā waiwai o ke kūʻaiʻana,ʻo Western Conservatory, e like me Harper, ua hāʻawi aku i nā hua'ōlelo likeʻole me nā lawelawe likeʻole e like me nā kūkākūkā hou i kēia mau lā: kahi koho a hoʻomohalaʻana i ka pae, kālepa kūʻai, kūʻaiʻoihana, kōkua, a me nā lawelawe mau. Uaʻimi houʻo Western Auto i nā mea kōkua kālāʻole me kaʻikeʻole o kaʻoihana, e like me ka nui o nā poʻe franchisors e hana nei i kēia lā.
ʻO ka Lā Lewa II ma hope o ke Kaua Honua
ʻOiai ka uluʻana o ka hōʻailona me ka ikaika mau ma mua o ka Kaua Honua II,ʻaʻole i hiki i ka ulu o ka'ōhū'ōhumu a hiki i ka pauʻana o ke kaua. Ua uluʻo Franchising i ka ikaika o kaʻoihana waiwai i nā makahiki 1950 i ka makahiki 1950, e hoʻohana ana i ka koiʻana o nā mea kūʻai, nā makana kūpono, nā manaʻo mai ka hoʻiʻana mai o nā koa, a me ke kālā i hāʻawiʻia ma ka uku hoʻokaʻawale a me ka pānui GI. Hoʻonuiʻia ka uluʻana o ka franchising i ka lā 1946 i hoʻokumuʻia ai ke Kanawai Lanima (Federal Trade) e hiki ai i nā mea waiwai ke komo i nā laikini me nā mea'ē aʻe -ʻo ka mea e pono ai no ka hōʻano houʻana i kēia manawa. I ka manawa i lilo ka poʻe hana kālepa i ka hilinaʻi i ka laikiniʻana i ka waiwai o kaʻike, he nui aʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka i hoʻomaka e hāʻawi a hoʻokomo i nā manawa kūpono.
I ka makahiki 1950 a me 1960, hiki i ka hoʻokele waiwai holoʻokoʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. Ua ulu nui nā mea kūʻai a me nā lawelawe ma waena oʻAmelika Huipūʻia, e like me ke kūʻaiʻana i nā kaʻahana ( Midas Muffler a me Lee Myles ), nā hokele (Holiday Inn and Sheraton ), ice cream a mālamaʻia ( Dairy Queen , Tastee Freeze a me Orange Julius ), nā hale kūʻai kūpono ( 7-ʻumikumamākahi ), mauʻoihana ( Roto-Rooter ), nāʻoihanaʻoihana ( People's Dunhill , Pearle Vision and H & R Block ), a me ka holoi holoi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana ( Martinizing Cleaning Cleaning ).
Ua hoʻomakaʻo Richard a me Maurice McDonald i ka makahiki 1952, kūʻai aku i ko lākou kuleana mua iā Neil Fox, kahi mea hoʻolaha nui Petroleum i hoʻolahaʻia ka hua'ōlelo ma Phoenix, Arizona i ka makahiki 1953.ʻO ko lāua kuleanaʻeluaʻo Roger Williams lāuaʻo "Bud" Landon, i wehe i ko lākou Downy, Kaleponi ma ka makahiki 1953.ʻAʻole hiki i ka makahiki 1954 ua hāʻawi akuʻo Ray Kroc i nā kuleana e hāʻawi aku iā McDonald i waho o kekahi mau makika i Kaleponi a me Arizona mai nā hoahānau o McDonald e kūʻai aku i ka ½ o ka 1% o ke kumukuai kūʻai, a ua hoʻokumuʻia ka McDonald's Corporation. Ma ka makahiki 1958, ma kahi o nā haleʻaina a me nā kaikunāne o McDonald, aia he 34 mau haleʻaina McDonald. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1959, ua ulu ka kaula i 102 mau haleʻai. Ua kūʻai akuʻo Ray Kroc i nā kaikunane o McDonald i ka makahiki 1961. Ma ka makahiki 1965, i ka wā i hele ai i ka lehulehu, aia he 1000 wahi. Ua hoʻomakaʻia ka lā i 22½, pani i ka lā i 30, a paniʻia ka mahina mua i 50. I loko o ia mau makahiki heʻumi, ua uluʻo Nate Sherman's Midas Muffler i 400 mau wahi, ua uluʻo Kemmons Wilson's Holiday Inn i 1000 mau wahi, a ʻO ka Jules Lederer's Budget Rent A Car i wehe i kā lākou kapena kālā 500.
ʻAʻole hiki mai kēia ulu wikiwiki o ka hōʻoleʻana me ka loaʻaʻole o nā pilikia. Ma ka hopena hope o ka makahiki 1960, ua haʻalele ka pua i ka rose: he nui ka poʻe franchisors iʻoi aku ka nui o ka kūʻai aku i ka franchise ma mua o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā pūnaewele pili i nā kani a me ka hāʻawiʻana i nā lawelawe i kā lākou mau mea kālā. He nui nā luna kuhina i kēlā manawa i hana hewa i nā'ōlelo hoʻohiki a lākou i hoʻohana ai e hoʻokomo i ka poʻe koho kālā; kekahi e pili ana i kā lākou mau hana kūʻai aku ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā inoa kaulana a me nā hōʻailona; a ua hāʻuleʻole ka hapanui o ia mau pūnaha pili kālā. Ua kūʻai aku kekahi kekahi no ka manaʻo nuiʻaʻole i ola.
Nā Rula kuhikuhi Franchise a me ka rule FTC
Ma waho o nā pilikia o nā 50s, 60s, a me nā makahiki 70, hoʻomaka nā hoʻoponopono ākea e puka. E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1968 me ka hoʻokōʻana o nā kānāwai hōʻike ma Kaleponi, ua hoʻokumuʻia nā kānāwai e pili ana i ka hāʻawi a me ke kūʻaiʻana i nā mea kālā. ʻO ka mea maʻamau,ʻo kēia mau kānāwai e koi ana i ka mea kālā e hāʻawi ai i ka waiwai kūpono, i mua o kahi kūʻai, he hōʻike hoʻolaha e hāʻawi ana i nāʻike i ka manawa kūpono. ʻAʻole i hiki i ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1979 ka hoʻopukaʻiaʻana o ka Federal Trade Commission Regulation Regulation (Franquises and Business Opportunity Ventures) (FTC Rule) e ka United States Federal Trade Commission i hāʻawi aku ai i nā luna koho ma ka United States. a ua hoʻokumu i nā mea hoʻolaha kaulike i loko o ka United States.
ʻO ka pukaʻana o nā kānāwai hoʻolaha kūʻai mua e kūʻaiʻia kekahi o nā kumu nui loa no ka holomua o ka hoʻokūkūʻana i ka United States. ʻOiai e mau ana nā paio ma ka pilina pili pono, a i nā manawa e like me nā hihia maʻamau i waena o nā kapena a me nā kuleana kūikawā i kēia manawa kaʻoihana ma luna o ka mālamaʻana i ka pilina, a emiʻole i ka hāʻawiʻiaʻana o ka hāʻawi kālā.
ʻO kaʻimiʻana i ka papa hana e hōʻike i kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ka moʻaukala a me ka hoʻolālā. He moʻolelo ka moʻolelo no nā mea i hanaʻia i ka wā ma mua aʻaʻole i koe. ʻO Evolution ka nānāʻana i kahiʻano hoʻomau e hoʻomauʻia ana e holo mau ana i nā makahiki a ke hoʻololi nei i konaʻano i kēia manawa a me ka papa e hiki mai ana. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke kānalua i ka loiloiʻana o ka franchising he hana maoli o nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo hanaʻoihana, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻolōlāʻana o ka hōʻano houʻana i kēia manawa, i hanaʻia e nā hui kūikawā a me nā paepae i alakaʻi iā lākou, he meaʻoluʻolu ia nona iho. ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka ikaika i nā manaʻo houʻole, nāʻanoʻoihanaʻoihana hou, a me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka honua, ua'ōleloʻo ia e hoʻohui i nā mokuna hou aku i ka hoʻomauʻana a me ka holomua o ka pili.
Hoʻokahi'ōlelo paʻa no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma The Demolition Man, he kiʻi i hōʻikeʻia i ka makahiki 1993, Sylvester Stallone, e ala ana i ka waena o ke kenekulia 21 mai kahi moe hiamoe a laweʻia i kahi "haleʻaina maikaʻi" no kaʻaina awakea. ʻOiaiʻo ka kaʻa e holo ana i ka hukiʻana i ka haleʻaina, hōʻike ka mea hōʻike i kahi hōʻailona e'ōlelo ana - Taco Bell. ʻO kā Stallone kāhua, he huahana o nā makahiki 1980, ua kāhāhā a nīnau, "e Taco Bell, manaʻo wau e hele ana mākou i kahi haleʻaina nui. ʻO ka mea i pane aku ai kāna mea hoʻokele, "ʻAʻole loa." Mai ka wā nui o nā kaua lanakila, nā haleʻaina a pau,ʻo iaʻo Taco Bell. "