Malia paha kaʻoihana nui loa o kahiʻoihana Brick a Mortar maoliʻo Wal-Mart, he mea kūʻai aku lehulehu me nā hale kūʻai he 4000 ma 28 mau'āina.
ʻO kahi o Wal-Mart Supercenter kahiʻoihana he 200,000 kapuaʻi kapuaʻi ka nui o nā wahi kūʻai. Aiaʻo Wal-Mart iʻoi aku iʻoi aku iʻelua miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua ā ma kahi o $ 400 mau kālā ma nā kūʻai makahiki. Ma waho aʻe o ka kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai nui loa ma ka honua nei, ma US Wal-Mart ka mea kūʻai kūʻai nui loa, ka mea kūʻai lua luaʻoi aku, aʻo ke kolu nui loa i nā kūʻai kūʻai.
ʻO ka Demise o nā Mall Mall
Keʻikeʻia nā malls kūʻai ma ka "brick a mortar" ke kūʻai. Me ke kūkuluʻana i ke alaloa o ke ala moana ma nā makahiki 1950, ua lilo nā malls nui i mea kūʻai i nā miliona miliona o nā mea kūʻai i waena o ka waena iʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa.
I ka hoʻomakaʻana, ua kuhuma nā hale kūʻai nui a me nā kaula'āina i nā kahua, a me nā hale kūʻai kūikawā likeʻole me Home Depot, Best Buy a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Ma hope o ke kauʻana i kahi kikowaena i nā makahiki 2000 i ka US, me 46 mau kapuaʻi kapuai no ke kumukuai no kela me keia kanaka - o ke UK kiekie loa ke kiekie, me 9 kapuai kapuai ke kanaka.
Kūkākūkāʻo Howard Davidowitz ma kahi kūʻai nui e hōʻailona ka hapalua o nāʻeke kūʻai kūʻai he 1200 ma waena o 15 ā 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke alaʻana o Amazon
Ma waho aʻe o ka heleʻana o ka heleʻana i loko o ke kumukūʻai, hiki i ka hōʻailona o nā mea kūʻai pūnaewele puni honua i loko o ka nui o nāʻoihana brick a moraki kahiko, e like me ka hoʻoliloʻana i kaʻoihana kālā, kālepa, kālepa kūʻai, a me nā mea kūʻai nui.
ʻO Amazon ka mea i kaulana loa, i hoʻomakaʻia ma keʻano kūʻai kūʻai puke puke ma ka makahiki 1994 a ma ka makahiki 2015 he 75% o ka māhele kūʻai o ka puke ebook a me 50% o nā puke a pau i kūʻai aku ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO nā kāpena hale puke nui ka mea iʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka mana o Amazon - Ua hoʻopiʻiʻia nā Borders no ka banekorupa i ka makahiki 2011 e waiho ana iā Barnes & Noble i ke kū kūʻai liʻiliʻi nui ma United States. Amazon iʻoi aku ka ikaika ma nāʻoihana kūʻai nui me nāʻoihana brick a mimiki e like me Wal-Mart, Target a me Best Buy, a ua manaʻoʻia e loaʻa $ 100 biliona i nā kūʻai i ka makahiki 2015.
Ponoʻia e hoʻomaopopoʻia oiaiʻo Amazon he mea kūʻaiʻoihana kamepiula e hoʻomau ana i nā hana hana puhi pōhaku a me ka molaki nui, me kahiʻoi aku o 150 mau kikowaena kikowaena o ka honua, e mālama i ke kālaiʻana, ka hoʻounaʻana, a me ka hoʻihoʻiʻana o nā huahana i kūʻaiʻia ma ka pūnaewele. I ka makahiki 2015, ua weheʻo Amazon i kona hale hele wāwae ma kahi kūʻai pāʻani no nā pahu kumukū a me nā kauleʻa ma ka pā kulaʻo Purdue University.
ʻAʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia Pāʻoihana ke piʻi i ka polokalamu
Ua loaʻa i nāʻoihanaʻoihana i kā lākou mahele kūkala nui i ka wā e ho'āʻo ai e komo i kekahi mau kūʻai kālepa kahiko. ʻO ke kūʻaiʻana i ke kālepaʻoi aku ma keʻano he kumu hoʻohālike - i ka manawa o ke kiko-com boom o nā makahiki 1990, ua nui nā ho'āʻoʻana o nā hoʻomaka e komo i ka mākeke kūʻai ma o nā mea kūʻai pūnaewele.
ʻO nā mea kaulana loaʻo iaʻo Webvan, i lilo i ka banekorupa i ka makahiki 2001 ma hope o ka waiwai iʻoi aku ma kahi o $ 4.8 biliona kālā i ka manawa o ka hoʻolaha muaʻana o ka lehulehu (IPO) i ka makahiki 1999.
Ma hope o ka hikiʻole o ka kūʻaiʻana i nā kūʻai kūʻai ma ke kelepona he mea hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻole aʻike nui i ka hōʻailona nui o nā kūʻaiʻoihana - ka pono e nānā pono i ka huahana i ke kanaka ma mua o ka hanaʻana i kūʻai. Pili ka hapanui o nā kānaka e nānā i kā lākou hua, nā meaʻai, a me nā mea'ē aʻe no ka hou aʻokiʻoki ma mua o ka hanaʻana i kahi kūʻai.
No nā mea'ē aʻe e like me nā lole a me nā meaʻimi palekana electronic e nānā pinepine i ka huahana ma kahi kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai ma mua o ka paʻiʻana iā ia ma ka pūnaewele (showrooming) a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kumukūʻai i hāʻawiʻia e nā mea kūʻai e like me Amazon.
ʻOiaiʻoiai he kūlana nui a me ka uluʻana i ka pūnaewele ka nui o nā mea kūʻai likeʻole me Wal-Mart, Target, Home Depot, a pēlā aku.
ke hoʻomau nei i ka nui o kā lākou kūʻaiʻana mai kā lākou papa pōhaku a me ka mīkini. I ka makahiki 2014, kūʻaiʻia nā kūʻai kūʻaiʻenehana wale nō 2.5% o nā kūʻai kūʻai piha a Wal-Mart i $ 482 bila.
Ma nāʻoihana'ē aʻe e like me ka hoʻoliloʻana i ke kāleka,ʻoihana ka poʻe i makemake e hana i kā lākouʻoihana ma ka pūnaewele. Eia naʻe, he nui nāʻano likeʻole o nā loina likeʻole me nā noi loan a me nā'ōlelo kālā e kōkuaʻia mai ka pilina a me ke alo a ke mālama mauʻia nei e nā lālā lālā.