Mākaʻikaʻi - Pāʻoihana
ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "lōʻihiʻole" e pili ana i nā waiwai o nāʻano likeʻole, aʻo ka hua'ōlelo i keʻano he nui kona mau manaʻo. "Nānā" e like paha me ka'ōlelo hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i kekahi mea:
- ʻAʻole hoʻohana houʻia , e like me ka hōʻailona pahi, aiʻole
- Mai ka lā a iʻole i ka wā kahiko, e like me ka lua o nā bele lalo o ka bele mai ka makahiki 1970, aiʻole
- ʻAʻole makemake hou ,ʻoiai inā e hana mau ana, e like me kēlā palapala paʻi mua aʻoukou e inaina nei i ka hoʻoleiʻana i ka bekeusetʻaʻole e kamaʻilio ana kāu kamepiula.
ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "uaʻeleʻele" mai ka Latin no "keʻelemakule a uaʻeleʻele." Ma kaʻoihanaʻoihana kālepa o ko mākou kenekulia 21, he nui keʻano o kaʻoihana iʻoi aku i kaʻenehana ma mua o ke kāhikoʻana. Akā,ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi mea ke lilo iʻeleʻele a hoʻoleiʻia.
ʻO nā lakohana, nā mīkini, a me nā kaʻa paha hiki ke lilo iʻeleʻele. Hiki ke hoʻopukaʻia nā kānāwai a me nā rula. Hiki ke hoʻopaneʻeʻia nā kumumanaʻo, nā kumumanaʻo, a me nā kuʻuna.
ʻO ka inoa nounā no ka hua'ōleloʻeleʻele he "obsolescence," keʻano o kaʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi laʻana, "Ke'ōlelo nei kekahi poʻe i ka hana a nā mea hana maʻamau i ka nānāʻana i nā mea iʻikeʻia, e hana ana i ka'ōlepa o ka makahiki i hala aku nei e kūʻai aku i ke kākoʻo o kēia makahiki."
Mālama i kaʻIke Pāʻoihana
ʻO ka wā lōʻihi e pili ana i kahi waiwaiʻoihana e like me:
- ʻAʻole hoʻohana houʻia no ka mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka waiwai no ka hui (e like me kahi kaʻa kaʻa iʻole e hana hou)
- Hoʻonohonohoʻia i keʻano a iʻole ka hoʻolālā
- Hanaʻia ka technologically e nāʻenehana hou hou.
I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o kaʻoihana,ʻo kēlā mea pai palapala i haʻiʻia ma luna, he waiwai nui loa ia. Hiki i nā pāʻoihana ke hana i kekahi mea mai kahi papa i nā lolo uila e hoʻopili i nā lakohana a me nā mea hana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa.
ʻO ka nānāʻana i keʻanoʻoihanaʻoihana ka liloʻana i ka waiwai o ka waiwai ma muli o ka hemahema o nā mea pono a iʻole nā mea hanahana; ʻike ka obsolescence i kahi waiwai i "ʻole." ʻAʻole i pili ka nānāʻana i ka pono a me nā hana o ka waiwai.
Pehea wau eʻike ai i ka wā e launaʻole ai ka waiwai?
Hiki paha iāʻoe keʻike i kahi lōʻihi o ka waiwai waiwai ma muli o kāu hoʻololiʻana iā ia me kahi hōʻailona hou. Akā, pono mākou e nānā i ka nānāʻole i kaʻike pilikino.
'Aʻaleʻa kahi waiwaiʻoihana i ka laweʻiaʻana mai ka lawelawe (ʻaʻole hoʻohanaʻia) a ua kākauʻiaʻoiai he waiwai, ma ka pepa palekana o kaʻahahui. E nānā kāua pehea e hana ai:
ʻO kēlā me kēia waiwai i kāuʻoihana uaʻikeʻiaʻo ia i ka manawa o ka nohoʻana, ma ka heluʻikepili. Ke kapaʻia nei kēia ola o ka waiwai i kona ola maikaʻi,ʻo ia paha
- ʻO ke kino. I ka pauʻana o ke ola kino o ka waiwai,ʻaʻohe pono, no ka "ʻaʻahu a me ka waimaka"
- Ke 'ike a hanaʻenehana paha. I ka pauʻana o keʻano waiwai waiwai, hoʻololiʻia e nā mea hou.
Pehea e hoʻonui ai nā waiwai kīnā i kaʻu mau Pāʻoihana Pāʻoihana?
Ma kaʻikepili, pili ka pilina maikaʻi i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻolele . Ma ka hopena o ke ola waiwai, lilo ia i "hoʻopiha pihaʻia," a ua kākauʻia mai ka pepa palekana pili. ʻO kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kumukūʻai o ke kumukūʻai a me ka waiwai i kākauʻia e like me ka paukū waiwai , e pili ana i nāʻauhauʻoihana.
Inoa - waiwai a'āpana paha i mālamaʻia no ke kūʻaiʻana - he waiwai waiwaiʻo ia. Hiki i nāʻike ke hele a lilo i kahiʻeleʻele ināʻaʻole i kūpono ka waihona kālā.
I kēia hihia, ua kākauʻia ka papa helu waihona a ua hāʻule kaʻahahui. ʻO kēia lilo e pili ana i nāʻauhauʻoihana o ka hui.
E hoʻomanaʻo he hikiʻole i kahi waiwai ke waiwai i kaʻoihana a lilo iʻeleʻele mai ka manaʻo kuhihewa, akāʻo ka waiwai paha i ka hoʻonohonoho pono (e like me ka papa) a hoʻohanaʻia paha e kaʻoihana.
E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i ka nānāʻana, ka hōemi, a me nāʻauhauʻoihana.